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Pharmacy Franchise Financing in Colorado

By Brad MacLiver
Authorship and profile at Google


A Colorado pharmacy franchise is a contractual relationship between two parties. One, the Pharmacy Franchisor is the party that developed their drug store business model, branded the pharmacy related products, and produced the system the pharmacy franchisees will operate under. The second party, the Pharmacy Franchisee, purchases a franchise license from the Pharmacy Franchisor, and usually pays an ongoing pharmacy franchise fee, or royalty fees, to use the name, products, systems, trade secrets, etc., that were created by the Pharmacy Franchisor.
 

There are several options for financing pharmacy franchise businesses in Colorado. All sources for pharmacy franchises or drug stores prefer lending to a pharmacy franchisee who will be working with a nationally recognized name with long track records. Newer pharmacy franchise models do not possess these two traits and will thus be considered more risky.

When a pharmacy has pharmacy name recognition and a long track record, traditional Bank Financing for funding a pharmacy franchise is available. Several banks will show interest in a funding opportunity of this type, but once the bank reviews the loan documents, many of these banks may decline the funding request because they don’t fully comprehend the security provided for the pharmacy loan. Typically, community drug stores have very few traditional assets to offer as security. Lenders for pharmacies in Colorado will use traditional methods for analyzing the cash flow available to service to the debt, and they will also need to understand the nontraditional collateral that will secure the loan.

As a borrower, even when incorporated, the independent drug store owner’s personal credit rating will be a factor, along with personal tax returns, and financial statements. The amount of actual cash on hand and the verification of the source of the down payment will be critical factor in qualifying for a pharmacy business loan.

CO Pharmacy Franchise Funding Tips:

1. Because there are many pharmacy franchise financing options available, pharmacy owners should perform proper due diligence then obtain the pharmacy funding that best suits their situation.

2. It is advisable to have an accountant or attorney that is familiar with pharmacy franchise financing to review the pharmacy business loan documents.

3. There are pharmacy consulting services and franchise associations who can help guide a prospective pharmacy franchisee or borrower or a drug store loan.

4. New Colorado pharmacy owners need to make sure their funding request is enough to get the pharmacy running and profitable. Less than ample funding for the initial stages may put the drug store in a position of needing additional funding. Smaller working capital loans that would be in a subordinated position will be more difficult to obtain at a later date.

When pharmacy owners have questions and need information regarding pharmacy franchise business loans, or any types of funding for community drug stores and pharmacies, they should contact a CO pharmacy industry specialist who can provide quality answers and sound advice.

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Types of Colorado Pharmacy Financing that is Available

By Brad MacLiver
Authorship and profile at Google


There are quite a few different options available for funding CO pharmacy franchises, traditional community drug stores, and specialty pharmacies in Colorado.

SBA Financing for Pharmacy Business Loans

The United States Small Business Administration (SBA) will partially guarantee loans for pharmacy franchise lenders which in turn reduces the risk exposure for the lender. A standard loan program known as 7(a) is designed for funding pharmacy franchises. These 7(a) loans are able to provide funds for Colorado pharmacy franchise entry fees, the real estate for the pharmacy's location, necessary property improvements, its working capital, and any pharmacy equipment they need.

It is required that the borrowers for the pharmacy franchise be creditworthy, have no bankruptcies, and have ample down payment.  However, there are possible variations here, and the business is required to repay the loan using the cash flow of the Colorado pharmacy.

Terms can range from 5 to 20 years. Within SBA standards interest rates may be adjustable or fixed and will be negotiated by the lender dependent on the financial strength of the pharmacy transaction.

There are SBA fees for guaranteeing pharmacy business loans. These fees, which are paid to the government and not kept by the bank, can be rolled into the Colorado pharmacy financing.

Patriot Express Business Loan Program

This is another SBA loan program that can be used for Colorado pharmacy franchise business loans and is reserved for military veterans, active service members, their spouses, and survivors. The Department of Veterans Affairs would be involved in the pharmacy loan process.

CO Pharmacy funding from the Patriot Express program can furnish relatively fast approval times, may accept a smaller down payment from the borrower than traditional business loans, and lower credit scores may also be accepted. Patriot Express business loans provide opportunities for lower interest rate pharmacy business loans.

Funding for Pharmacists Who Are Veterans

There are specific franchise loan programs available for honorably discharged veterans and these Vet programs can be considered for pharmacy franchise loans.

Pharmacy Financing in CO From the Franchisor

Financing a pharmacy franchisee is a usual topic in discussions with a pharmacy franchisor. Franchisors should be able to direct potential drug store franchisees toward funding programs that have previously been successful for their other Colorado pharmacy franchisees. Preferred lenders will already be familiar with the pharmacy franchisor and their systems.

Pharmacy franchisors may also provide some funding internally. Lower collateral will be offset by higher interest rates. This may help with qualifying for a pharmacy acquisition of a franchise, but may hurt the franchisee’s long term cash flow. Due diligence of pharmacy franchisor funding should be completed before any final decisions are made.

Personal Assets Used in Pharmacy Finance

Not all prospective pharmacy franchise owners in Colorado have enough cash on hand. Part of the drug store business financing may require the borrower to liquidate personal stocks, provide personal assets as collateral, refinance their home, or use their 401k to assist the lenders security for making the pharmacy business loan.

If the borrower still does not have enough personal assets then a family member or a friend may be required as a partner in the CO pharmacy. Since the pharmacy partner’s cash and assets will also be at risk of loss, these partners may require some controlling interest in the drug store.

Retirement Accounts Used in Pharmacy Finance

Retirement Plans can be self-directed and used to invest into a pharmacy franchise. The retirement plan can purchase stock in the pharmacy franchise. This is similar to how the retirement plan currently may be investing in publicly traded stocks and mutual funds. Lower debt service and higher profit potential may result when incorporating this option that uses less external financing in funding the franchise.

The downside is, if the pharmacy crashes, so does the retirement fund. The method of providing less expensive financing for the pharmacy needs to be weighed against the risk of failure.

Because of the factors involved such as deferred taxes, early or improper distributions, and IRS involvement, funding a pharmacy transaction with a retirement account should be handled by a company who has expertise in this arena. Pharmacists and investors interested in using this financing structure should research the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA).

Pharmacy Franchise Agreement Buyout Funding

Understand that pharmacy situations are changing, economic factors are a concern, mail order pharmacy is growing, and market shares are shifting. All of these can have a negative impact on the cash flow of a pharmacy franchise. Drug store owners paying franchise royalty payments may not survive the tightening profit ratios. Due to this, these Colorado pharmacy franchises may only have the options of bankruptcy, or buying out the franchise agreement when allowable.

Buying out the franchisor allows the pharmacy to remove the franchisor from the equation. This in turn allows the pharmacy owner in Colorado more flexibility in their business decisions. The pharmacy franchisor sold the drug store franchise with expectations of earning income from the cash flow their pharmacy franchisees. Due to their long term plan, Franchisors may not be willing to allow the pharmacy franchisee to remove itself from the franchisor. However if a Franchise Agreement Buyout can be negotiated, the buy-out transaction can also be financed.

Unfortunately many banks don’t understand the dynamics of the CO pharmacy industry. This lack of pharmacy knowledge results in the banks looking at the funding request and all they see is a business that has very little collateral compared to amount of financing the pharmacy is requesting. To assist the successful funding process a pharmacy owner in CO is advised to use a pharmacy industry specialist to capitalize on the funding opportunities that are available.

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Discover the pharmacy finance options by visiting www.BuyingAndSellingPharmacies.com and for a free pharmacy business valuation visit www.PharmacyValuations.com.
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Financial Discount Rates for Colorado Pharmacy Cash Flow Instruments

By Brad MacLiver
Authorship and profile at Google


When a Colorado (CO) pharmacy is considering selling a cash flow instrument such as the pharmacy’s receivables, or a pharmacy business note, the price the pharmacy owner in Colorado receives will reflect how much time is involved before the Buyer/Investor/Funder of the cash flow instrument will recoup his principal investment and the desired rate of return the Investor needs to make it desirable to take the risk of buying the pharmacies cash flow instrument.
                   
To entice an Investor to shift the risk of holding the cash flow instrument from the pharmacy owner in Colorado to the Investor, there is typically a financial incentive for the Investor. The incentive is the rate of return, which is required to compensate for the Investors perceived risk. The risk is based on the credit of the cash flow instrument’s Payor, previous payment history, seasoning, interest rate, and other variables. Discount rates may change depending on the circumstances of the cash flow instrument, the economy, etc.

If the CO pharmacy owner or an investor could take the cash flow instrument to the bank and cash it in at face value, this would mean the asset would hold more value. This can’t happen, however, so the risk of holding the cash flow instrument makes it worth less than its face value.

Time Value of Money:
When cash has more value to a dollar today instead of tomorrow, this is known as Time Value of Money (TVM). Most business people know about TVM and how it is fundamental to both personal and corporate decision making, but in order to ensure that we are on the same page, let's cover the basics of TVM.

TVM assumes that money earns interest over time. Therefore, as the cliché says time is money, and because of this we can compare money at different points in time that have different values and call them equal.

An example: If $2.00 today earns 10% interest, it will be worth $2.20 at the same time next year. Therefore, $2.00 today = $2.20 next year = $5.40 ten years from now.

Within the same reasoning the reverse is true. An investor will not pay $2.00 today for a dollar that won’t be collected until next year, or 10 years from now. Today’s dollar will be discounted to reflect risk, inflation, the strength of the economy, etc.

Along with interest rates and principal amounts, a cash flow instruments such as Pharmacy Business Notes, are originated with a certain time period. The TVM can be looked at, as if it were on a sliding scale. The earlier in time the Note is paid off, the smaller the amount becomes. When the Note is paid early, you don’t get to collect the compounded interest amount, which would have accumulated if you had waited the full time period. The Note has already been written and the terms set. Unlike a loan where the rate of return needed to cover the risk is added to the loan amount. An investor cannot go back to the buyer of your business and change the terms of the note. Therefore, the investor looks at the portion of the note, which is going to be purchased and subtracts the rate of return needed to justify the risk. This is called Discounting. The amount of the discount is contingent on the risk.

Example:

If you sell something for a $2.00 with 5% interest, equal payments received over a 15 year period, you would expect to receive $4.16. However, should the note be paid in full in 5 years you will only have collected $2.55. You are not collecting the other $3.11 because you are no longer risking anything (you are not earning it). If you want an investor to advance you the $4.16, you will no longer have any risk because you have transferred it to the Investor. To compensate the Investor for accepting the risk of holding the note, the Investor will discount the note, and pay you an amount equivalent to the time and risk involved.

The price you receive when selling your note will be the discounted rate according to the basic TVM principals minus the amount that allows an investor to justify the risk.                               

If a note is a length of 3, or more years, it may be beneficial for you to sell only a portion of the note. Because the payments from a month in the 5th year will hold less value than payments collected this year, it is beneficial to you to only sell the number of months that you need to obtain the cash that meets your current financial needs. You can always sell more payments at a later date if you need additional funds. Determine what cash you really need and we will calculate the number of months we will purchase to meet your needs.

Although it involves a much shorter period of time, understanding discount rates is the same when selling a pharmacy’s accounts receivables in Colorado.


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Is it Worth Selling a Pharmacy Note in Colorado at a Discount?

By Brad MacLiver
Authorship and profile at Google


When a Colorado (CO) pharmacy acquisition has been accomplished by using the private financing method of a pharmacy business note, the holder of the pharmacy note has the option of selling the pharmacy business note for a lump sum of cash instead of waiting for the monthly payments and taking the risk those payments will always be made. Pharmacy business notes can be sold by using a discounting method. Instead of buying a pharmacy note at its face value, the Colorado pharmacy note will be discounted. Meaning the Investor will pay less than face value due to the risk being transferred from the Pharmacy Note Holder (the note seller) to the Pharmacy Note Investor (the note buyer).

Most pharmacy business note sellers only look at the discount rate and quickly calculate in their head that they are giving up too much money to make the selling of the CO pharmacy note an attractive proposition. However, further analysis needs to be completed before a final decision is made by weighing the discounted amount with the benefits of a lump sum of cash.

1) What is the motivation for selling the Colorado pharmacy note? What are the desired goals? Is reducing the exposure to risk a consideration? Is there a financial decision to pay off debt? Is capital required for a new venture? Are there dreams of exotic vacations or world travel that could be accomplished with a lump sum of cash? How important is it to accomplish these goals? What are the opportunity costs if you don’t have the lump sum of cash to achieve your goals, or invest in something that pays a higher return? Determine investment and family priorities.

2) What is the Current Fair Market Value of the pharmacy business? This is what someone is really willing to pay for the business, and not just an “earnings times x” formula. Real aspects of what is happening in the pharmacy industry must be considered and it is advantageous to have a pharmacy industry specialist in Colorado calculate the pharmacy business valuation.

3) How much cash is immediately required by the holder of the pharmacy note?

4) A pharmacy note in Colorado that is seasoned has more value than a “green” note that doesn’t have a payment history. Are you willing to hold the note for a certain amount of time to allow the business buyer time to prove to an Note Investor the capability of the payor making the payments?

5) Are you willing to sell only a portion of the Note (this is called a “Partial Sell”)? The discount rate can be a more attractive proposition when only a portion of the note is sold and the CO Pharmacy Note Investor is not holding all the risk.

Understanding the Risk for the Note Buyer:
1) Pharmacy Buyer Competency - There is the risk that the pharmacy buyer may not run the business as efficiently as you have, sales drop, and the Colorado pharmacy business buyer cannot meet the payment obligations. Incompetency could lead to late payments, missed payments, or bankruptcy.

2) Pharmacy Industry Changes in CO - Changes caused by influences either within the industry, or regulations governing the industry, can make it increasingly difficult for the pharmacy business buyer to meet the contractual financial obligations.

3) Future Competition - Sales and income of the store may be affected by yet unforeseen pharmacy competition either building in the neighborhood or through mail order.

4) Loan to Value - When originating a pharmacy business note you may be creating financing where there is a “negative loan to value.” Example: the Colorado pharmacy business note is for $300,000, but there is only $100,000 of tangible assets for collateral.

5) Title Insurance – Pharmacy business notes in CO don’t have title insurance that will make good a loss arising through defects of titles, or liens.     

6) Time Value of Money - Where a dollar received today is more valuable than a dollar received in the future.

7) Opportunity Costs - When the selection of holding the pharmacy business note ties up capital and prevents potential financial gains from other investments.

It is beneficial to discuss the options and potential origination of a pharmacy note with Pharmacy Business Note Investor before the Purchase and Sale Agreement is finalized for the acquisition of the Colorado pharmacy. This provides the pharmacy business seller, and future note seller, valuable insight into structuring the pharmacy business note so it can be successfully purchased.

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Using Business Notes for Financing a Colorado Pharmacy Acquisition

By Brad MacLiver
Authorship and profile at Google


When acquiring or selling a CO pharmacy or drug store, one alternative is to have the seller originate the financing and carry back a business note. At first glance many pharmacy owners will not want to take this approach. They want their cash and their exit. When a Colorado pharmacy owner is considering selling their drug store, looking at the benefits of originating a business note and not just the perceived costs, they may find that offering Private Finance in the form of a Pharmacy Business Note will provide them an alternative course of action.

Advantages of Creating and Selling a Pharmacy Business Note in Colorado

1.  The process of selling a Colorado pharmacy or drug store to an individual can be easier and less time consuming when the pharmacy seller agrees to carry a business note, than a buyer pursuing traditional financing.

2. A Colorado pharmacy business owner can greatly increase the number of potential buyers for their business by offering Seller Carryback Financing, which often known as Private Finance.  They will most likely sell the business at a higher price.

3. When a pharmacy business note is originated, there are several options including keeping it for monthly income, selling the whole pharmacy note for a large lump sum, or selling part of the Colorado pharmacy business note to meet current financial needs and keeping the remainder for future income.

4. Selling either a portion or the whole CO pharmacy business note will free up capital that can be used for either new ventures or paying off old debt.

5. When a pharmacy business note is created and sold in CO, with the proper professional guidance, a transaction can be structured that allows the pharmacy business seller the biggest advantage in achieving the seller’s goals.

When originating a pharmacy business note the terms and interest rate are set and agreed upon between the seller and buyer of the business. The seller of the business accepts the promissory note, which is secured by the business including any inventory and equipment that belongs to the business. The pharmacy business seller then sells the note to an Investor who is willing to hold the pharmacy note in exchange for compensation. Since Investor can’t go back to the Colorado pharmacy business buyer and change the terms of his purchase agreement, the seller of the note must discount the note. The Investor is compensated from the difference of what the note was originated for and the discounted price paid for the pharmacy business note.

Tips:

1. Poorly structured business notes may prevent their sale, so seek professional advice before originating a financial instrument that can’t be sold.

2. Sellers of business notes need to fully understand the Investors risk in order to successful sell the business note.

3. Private Finance, in the form of a Business Note, is an alternative that should be looked at as a business financing option.

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Resource Box
More information about financing pharmacy transactions in Colorado is available at www.WashburnAndAssociates.com.
You have permission to reprint this article provided this resource box is kept unchanged and included with the article.
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Using Tax Strategies in Colorado When Selling a Pharmacy

By Brad MacLiver
Authorship and profile at Google


Industry Roll-Ups are where an industry’s many players are consolidated into smaller groups for economic benefits. Colorado (CO) pharmacy buyers participate in the pharmacy industry roll-up to achieve economies of scale in purchasing, marketing, information systems, logistics, distribution, and top management. Colorado pharmacy sellers both independent owners and drug store chains must consider their current market value, recognize narrowing profit margins, and be aware of what their tax consequences will be if they sell.

When pharmacy owners sell their pharmacy in Colorado it is considered a capital asset. The difference between the amount the pharmacy is sold for and the amount spent to either purchasing or starting the pharmacy is a capital gain, or a capital loss. In the U.S., all capital gains must be reported to the government and the appropriate taxes must be paid.

Specific tax strategies can be used to help offset the tax liabilities when selling a CO pharmacy or a drug store. Unless a professional is handling a large number of pharmacy acquisitions, they usually do not know these federal regulations that allow for reducing the tax liability for the Colorado pharmacy owner.

Many Business Brokers, CPA’s, attorneys, and other professional advisors inform their clients that selling a pharmacy will result in tax consequences. However, most of these professionals do not handle the buying and selling of pharmacies on a daily basis and may not realize the different aspects of structuring a Colorado pharmacy transaction allowing the reduction of the tax burden to the pharmacy owner.

There are some capital gain tax strategies that must be implemented before any obligation to sell the Colorado pharmacy. When a drug store owner is considering selling their CO pharmacy either now, or in the next few years, it is urgent the best course of action be considered now instead of later.

Estate planning when selling a pharmacy should also be a consideration. Specific federal regulations allow an asset to be converted to an income stream, provide a tax deduction, increase asset diversification, and provide risk reduction, along with offering effective retirement and estate planning. If the Colorado pharmacy seller is nearing a retirement age, or will be working as a pharmacist for another company, instead of being an owner, then estate planning should also be considered.

As reimbursements are cut, more regulations are applied, and pharmacy profits continue to slip, more independent pharmacy owners in Colorado along with small and regional pharmacy chains will be considering selling their pharmacies and drug stores. Tax considerations should be a paramount part of the decision process.

Colorado pharmacy owners should consult with a pharmacy industry expert for advice on structuring the sale of their pharmacy. Someone with extensive experience in CO pharmacy and drug store acquisitions will have the knowledge and expertise to structure the transaction for tax considerations. Like all tax planning issues, waiting until the end of the year is not always the best strategy. Following this advice can place larger sums of money in the bank of pharmacy owners when a pharmacy is sold.

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